Los teléfonos multiusos
Comparada
con lo que existía hace apenas dos años, la última cosecha de teléfonos móviles
parece venir de otro planeta. Uno de los últimos modelos incluye una cámara de
7 mega píxeles de resolución, mejor que la inmensa mayoría de los aparatos
digitales que solo toman fotos. Otro toca música con calidad de CD. Estamos de
nuevo confrontados a la cantinela de la convergencia pero con un enfoque nuevo
que apunta al prometedor mundo de la diversión.
San Francisco, California, 13.mar.05
La digitalización
ha hecho de la “convergencia” una de las palabras más trilladas de las
tecnologías de la información. Se refiere, por lo general, al hecho que “cosas”
tradicionalmente separadas, como televisión y computación por ejemplo, se
encuentran ahora en un mismo objeto. Lo que nos interesa hoy es que la
convergencia máxima se está dando alrededor del teléfono móvil.
El CeBIT,
prestigiosa exposición anual que acaba de reunirse en Hannover, Alemania,
permite tomar el pulso de esta evolución.
Emily
Turrettini quien mantiene Textually.org, una de las bitácoras más reconocidas
en la materia, se fijó en particular en tres aparatos que nos comentó en una
entrevista por mail:
“El
teléfono-cámara de 7 mega píxeles de Samsung (el SCH-V770 Anycall) cuya
resolución es mejor que la de la mayoría de las cámaras digitales
profesionales. El W800, teléfono-Walkman de Ericsson y Sony que permite
transferir colecciones de CD al teléfono vía la PC. Los teléfonos Motorola
iTunes, los primeros en integrar el software iTunes de Apple y que puede
almacenar ocho horas de música.” La presentación de Motorola fue cancelada al
último momento a pedido de ciertas empresas de telecomunicación preocupadas por
las implicaciones sobre sus negocios de “ringtones”, pero el aparato existe.
Vale
agregar a esta lista de recién llegados, los móviles que permiten manejar
citas, contactos y correo electrónico (el Treo 650 de PalmOne por ejemplo), o
los comunicadores como el Blackberry [y no Blueberry, como lo había escrito por error en el momento de subir esta nota. Corrección hecha el 19.mar.05] a los cuales se le agrega ahora un teléfono
como accesorio.
La cuestión
de la convergencia resulta, sin embargo, más complicada de lo que parece nos
recuerda un artículo de The Economist del 10 de marzo titulado “El aparato que
se lo comió todo”.
El
planteamiento parte de una idea sencilla: el teléfono móvil está comiéndose
todas las demás tecnologías como lo acabamos de ilustrar. Lo interesante en
este proceso es que en vez de una reducción, como lo pudiera indicar la palabra
“convergencia” estamos presenciando una proliferación. “Cuando varios aparatos
digitales se encuentran, escribe el semanario londinense, no convergen tanto
como procrean. […] En una extremidad del espectro hay teléfonos sin cámara, en
la otra hay cámaras sin teléfono. Y en el medio un número creciente de
híbridos.”
A
diferencia de lo que indica el título provocador, este aparato que se lo come
todo o, más prosaicamente, que puede hacer de todo no elimina a los aparatos
especializados. Los rendimientos de esos últimos resultan generalmente
superiores y su uso es mucho más fácil. De ahí la idea lanzada por The
Economist que “la mejor manera para describir [el fenómeno] no es convergencia
sino divergencia”. Tal vez sea mejor hablar de “difracción”.
Emily
Turrettini al parecer concuerda cuando nos escribe: “No todo el mundo quiere un
teléfono celular capaz de cantar y bailar. Y el mercado no está hecho solo de
tecnófilos sabiondos que conocen la existencia de los últimos gadgets móviles y
pueden pagar por ellos. También hay gente que solo quiere hacer una llamada,
como una abuela europea o un campesino africano que usa su celular para
encontrar los mejores precios del mercado para sus productos, o simplemente
para llamar a un médico lo cual es casi un milagro en ciertas partes del
mundo”.
En el
fondo, lo más importante de este fenómeno hecho a la vez de convergencia y
difracción reside menos en el aparato que en los usos que permite.
Después de
haberse impuesto en base a su utilidad (conexión con otros, organización) la
telefonía móvil se está creando una nueva juventud centrada en la diversión:
juegos, música y, muy pronto, televisión. Las perspectivas son considerables.
Sitio de
Emily Turrettini http://www.textually.org
CeBIT http://cebit.com

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