Los teléfonos multiusos

Comparada con lo que existía hace apenas dos años, la última cosecha de teléfonos móviles parece venir de otro planeta. Uno de los últimos modelos incluye una cámara de 7 mega píxeles de resolución, mejor que la inmensa mayoría de los aparatos digitales que solo toman fotos. Otro toca música con calidad de CD. Estamos de nuevo confrontados a la cantinela de la convergencia pero con un enfoque nuevo que apunta al prometedor mundo de la diversión.

San Francisco, California, 13.mar.05

La digitalización ha hecho de la “convergencia” una de las palabras más trilladas de las tecnologías de la información. Se refiere, por lo general, al hecho que “cosas” tradicionalmente separadas, como televisión y computación por ejemplo, se encuentran ahora en un mismo objeto. Lo que nos interesa hoy es que la convergencia máxima se está dando alrededor del teléfono móvil.

El CeBIT, prestigiosa exposición anual que acaba de reunirse en Hannover, Alemania, permite tomar el pulso de esta evolución.

Emily Turrettini quien mantiene Textually.org, una de las bitácoras más reconocidas en la materia, se fijó en particular en tres aparatos que nos comentó en una entrevista por mail:

“El teléfono-cámara de 7 mega píxeles de Samsung (el SCH-V770 Anycall) cuya resolución es mejor que la de la mayoría de las cámaras digitales profesionales. El W800, teléfono-Walkman de Ericsson y Sony que permite transferir colecciones de CD al teléfono vía la PC. Los teléfonos Motorola iTunes, los primeros en integrar el software iTunes de Apple y que puede almacenar ocho horas de música.” La presentación de Motorola fue cancelada al último momento a pedido de ciertas empresas de telecomunicación preocupadas por las implicaciones sobre sus negocios de “ringtones”, pero el aparato existe.

Vale agregar a esta lista de recién llegados, los móviles que permiten manejar citas, contactos y correo electrónico (el Treo 650 de PalmOne por ejemplo), o los comunicadores como el Blackberry [y no Blueberry, como lo había escrito por error en el momento de subir esta nota. Corrección hecha el 19.mar.05] a los cuales se le agrega ahora un teléfono como accesorio.

La cuestión de la convergencia resulta, sin embargo, más complicada de lo que parece nos recuerda un artículo de The Economist del 10 de marzo titulado “El aparato que se lo comió todo”.

El planteamiento parte de una idea sencilla: el teléfono móvil está comiéndose todas las demás tecnologías como lo acabamos de ilustrar. Lo interesante en este proceso es que en vez de una reducción, como lo pudiera indicar la palabra “convergencia” estamos presenciando una proliferación. “Cuando varios aparatos digitales se encuentran, escribe el semanario londinense, no convergen tanto como procrean. […] En una extremidad del espectro hay teléfonos sin cámara, en la otra hay cámaras sin teléfono. Y en el medio un número creciente de híbridos.”

A diferencia de lo que indica el título provocador, este aparato que se lo come todo o, más prosaicamente, que puede hacer de todo no elimina a los aparatos especializados. Los rendimientos de esos últimos resultan generalmente superiores y su uso es mucho más fácil. De ahí la idea lanzada por The Economist que “la mejor manera para describir [el fenómeno] no es convergencia sino divergencia”. Tal vez sea mejor hablar de “difracción”.

Emily Turrettini al parecer concuerda cuando nos escribe: “No todo el mundo quiere un teléfono celular capaz de cantar y bailar. Y el mercado no está hecho solo de tecnófilos sabiondos que conocen la existencia de los últimos gadgets móviles y pueden pagar por ellos. También hay gente que solo quiere hacer una llamada, como una abuela europea o un campesino africano que usa su celular para encontrar los mejores precios del mercado para sus productos, o simplemente para llamar a un médico lo cual es casi un milagro en ciertas partes del mundo”.

En el fondo, lo más importante de este fenómeno hecho a la vez de convergencia y difracción reside menos en el aparato que en los usos que permite.

Después de haberse impuesto en base a su utilidad (conexión con otros, organización) la telefonía móvil se está creando una nueva juventud centrada en la diversión: juegos, música y, muy pronto, televisión. Las perspectivas son considerables.

 

Sitio de Emily Turrettini http://www.textually.org

CeBIT http://cebit.com

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