La
cibercriminalidad crece más rápido que la red. Los usuarios están cada vez más
expuestos a que malhechores consigan su información personal y la usen. De no
tomar precauciones adecuadas, las empresas en línea podrían perder la confianza
de sus clientes. Algunos estiman que el paso actual podria provocar un
retroceso o contragolpe (backlash).
San Francisco, California, 5.jun.05
Todas las fuentes
registran un crecimiento impresionante de la criminalidad online. Los daños
alcanzaron 17.5 miles de millones de dólares en el 2004, 30% más que en el 2003
según Computer Economics (computereconomics.com). El aumento fue de 37% según
Cyber Source (cybersource.com).
54 millones de
adultos estadounidenses han sido víctimas de algún tipo de robo de identidad,
estima un estudio de First Data (firstdata.com). Una de las formas más
agresivas hoy es el “phishing” o envío de correo electrónico que aparenta venir
de una empresa conocida como eBay, Paypal o Yahoo con un pedido de información
complementaria. El usuario cliquea el enlace pensando que lo va a llevar a su
banco y se encuentra sin darse cuenta en un sitio criminal en el cual confirma
su número de tarjeta de crédito y demás datos personales.
Tales sitios
tienen una vida muy breve (5.6 días en promedio según el Anti-Phishing Working
Group -APWG). Pero una investigación australiana (cuarto país en el hit parade
de las víctimas del phishing) mostró que apenas 7.5 minutos después de haber
recibido la información deseada los criminales habían empezado ya a hurgar en
las cuentas bancarias de sus víctimas.
El número de
nuevos mensajes de phishing creció un promedio de 15% por mes entre julio del
2004 y abril del 2005 según el APWG.
Sin embargo hay
peor que el phishing. Su primo hermano, el “pharming”, consiste en infiltrar un
programa en la computadora del usuario (por mail o cuando visita un sitio) para
registrar el movimiento de las teclas y transmitir la información recopilada:
número de tarjeta de crédito, contraseñas, etc.
Más reciente
todavía el “wi-phishing” se presenta como una red WiFi gratis. Pide información
para dar acceso y el usuario, demasiado contento de poder acceder a la red
desde un café o una plaza pública, la da con el mayor de los gustos.
“De repente el
perfil de riesgos ha crecido exponencialmente”, nos explicó Art Coviello
presidente de RSA Security (rsa.com) una de las mayores empresas especializada
en seguridad para empresas.
Las
organizaciones criminales “han descubierto la red y se están instalando de
manera masiva”, agregó.
ShadowCrew, un
grupo organizado globalmente y desmantelado a final del año pasado por el
servicio secreto estadounidense tenía 4,000 miembros en varios países. “Al
igual que la mafia, esos grupos de hackers tienen a sus padrinos para
establecer estrategias, capos para dar órdenes y soldados para hacer el trabajo
sucio”, afirma Business Week en su número del 30 de mayo. Precisa que el FBI
hizo de la lucha contra la cibercriminalidad su tercera prioridad después del
terrorismo y de la contrainteligencia.
No basta para
tranquilizarnos. « Los usuarios tienen que asegurar su propia seguridad y
dejar de comportarse como adolescentes”, dijo Coviello durante la conferencia
Fire in Review a fines de mayo.
En EEUU los
bancos pagan en caso de robo de tarjeta de crédito (o de los datos necesarios
para utilizarla en línea) lo cual da cierta ilusión de protección a individuos
y empresas. Están equivocados. Primero los usuarios, porque de una manera u
otra terminan pagando la cuenta. Los bancos también, porque de crecer la
criminalidad online corren el riesgo de perder la confianza que le tienen los
consumidores.
“Nuestra
investigación muestra claramente que la mayoría de los consumidores consideran
que los dueños de un sitio web son los guardianes de su información personal y
estiman que los negocios son responsables de la protección de su identidad en
línea”, mostró un estudio realizado en el 2004 por RSA.
“Por primera vez,
ciertos bancos han renunciado a proveer servicios online por ser incapaces de
enfrentar el nivel de fraude,” nos declaró Coviello, aludiendo al caso
australiano: “Corremos el riesgo de tener que enfrentar una crisis de confianza
y de ver un retroceso de la internet”.
Anti Phishing Working
Group http://www.antiphishing.org/
Computer
Economics http://computereconomics.com/
Cyber Source http://cybersource.com/
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